After a brief summary of the ideas introduced in the assigned texts, provide a discussion of the topic by writing your comments and by incorporating the knowledge gained from the other readings in the course.

Assigned Texts:

1. First Paragraph is about:

Namik Kemal (Turkey, 1840-1888), Wa shawirhum fil-amr (And Seek Their Counsel in the Affair [Quran, 3:159], in Kurzman, Charles, ed. Liberal Islam: a source book. Oxford University, Press, USA, 1998.

Directions: Provide a 180 word summary of this assigned text.  Then, incorporate the related work already produced.

2. Second Paragraph is about:

Madjid Nurcolish, Islamic Faith and the Problem of Pluralism: Relations Among the Believers, Oxford Islamic Studies Online

http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/book/islam-9780195174304/islam-9780195174304-chapter-75

Directions: Provide a 180 word summary of this assigned text.  Then, incorporate the related work already produced.

3. Third Paragraph is about:

M. Iqbal, Islam as an Ethical and a Political Ideal, Iqbal’s First Speech in English (Lahore, April 1908). Read sections 5 and 6

http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00islamlinks/txt_iqbal_1908.html

Directions: Provide a 180 word summary of this assigned text.  Then, incorporate the related work already produced.