Answer the following essay questions in 1-2 short paragraphs.

1. Compare and contrast directional selection and disruptive
selection and provide an example of each.
2. Many pathogenic bacteria species are becoming resistant
to antibiotics. Explain how such adaptations can develop
through the process of natural selection. (Hint: Relate
this example to the conditions that are necessary for natural
selection to occur.)
3. What are the major evolutionary trends that developed
among major vertebrate groups, specifically those that
allowed for the transition from aquatic to terrestrial life?
4. Providing examples, explain how sexual reproduction in
plants has evolved to become less dependent on water.