Only a discussion, answer all the subquestions. Two topics separated in two paragraph.

Topic 1: What was the social, political, and economic context in Europe after the First World War that could explain the formation and popularity of the Fascist Party in Italy and Nazism in Germany? What were some steps taken by Benito Mussolini and Adolf Hitler toward their rise to power?

Topic 2: What were the rationalizations for dropping the two atomic bombs on Japan in August of 1945? What were the alternative options for ending the war without them? Which two cities were targeted for the bombings and what were the short- and long-term consequences of the detonations?

MLA citation please.