c)      Human Security is a comprehensive concept that relates to several phenomena such as terrorism, genocide, ethnic conflict, poverty, or environmental change. Based on the experience of Africa, elaborate and justify your claims by exemplifications.(400 words)

d)      COVID19 is one of the most pressing challenges to security in the 21 st century. Elaborate on how the pandemics impact the security of various referent objects.(400 words)

e)      Energy security has become one of the major concerns for both developed and developing economies. How do you explain the growing emphasis on energy security at the beginning of the 21st century? What ramifications might lack energy security have on states power position in the international system? Is military power a relevant tool for states in their energy security endeavors? Apply examples to support your answers.